Fls
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fls lists the files and directory names in a file system. It will process the contents of a given directory and can display information on deleted files.
Output Data
The default output (i.e. if -l or -m are not given) has one line for each file in the directory. An NTFS example is:
r/r 1304-128-1: IO.SYS
The r/r value shows the file type. The first 'r' is the type as saved in the file's file name structure and the second 'r' is the type as saved in the file's metadata structure. For allocated files, these should always be equal. For deleted files, they could be different if one of the structures was reallocated to a different file type. The types are listed here:
- -: Unknown type
- r: Regular file
- d: Directory
- c: Character device
- b: Block device
- l: Symbolic link
- p: Named FIFO
- s: Shadow
- h: Socket
- w: Whiteout
- v: TSK Virtual file / directory (not a real directory, created by TSK for convenience).
Most entries will be 'r' and 'd'. The others are Unix-focused.
The 1304-128-1 part of the entry shows the Metadata Address associated with this name. Because this is an NTFS example, the -128-1 part exists, which identifies the $Data attribute that this name points to. Other file systems may have a single number in this field.
Finally, the IO.SYS part of the entry is the name of the file for this entry.
If you use the '-r' option to recursively go into directories, a '+' is added to the front of each entry to show how deep the file is. '++' means that the entry is two directories deep.
If a file is deleted, there will be a '*' between the file type and the metadata address.
-l format
The '-l' argument causes the "long" format with more details. It is tab-delimited with the following fields:
- file type as reported in file name and metadata structure (see above)
- Metadata Address
- name
- mtime (last modified time)
- atime (last accessed time)
- ctime (last changed time)
- crtime (created time)
- size (in bytes)
- uid (User ID)
- gid (Group ID)
Note that the 2.X versions of TSK do not print the created time.
-m format
The '-m' argument causes the data to be in the body file format. It is used to make timelines.
