Ils

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ils

Version 2.09
This software is distributed under the IBM Public License which can be found on the Licenses page.

Purpose

Opens the named image(s) and lists inode information. By default, ils lists only the inodes of removed files.

Usage

ils  [-emOpvV]  [-f  fstype]  [-s  seconds] [-i imgtype] [-o imgoffset] image [images] [start-stop]
ils [-aAlLvVzZ] [-f fstype] [-s seconds] [-i  imgtype]  [-o  imgoffset] image [images] [start-stop]

Options

Switch	Purpose
-e	List every inode in the file system.
-f fstype	Specifies the file system type. Use the -? argument to display all supported types. If not given, the default type for the platform is used.
-s seconds	The time skew of the original system in seconds. For example, if the original system was 100 seconds slow, this value would be -100.
-m	Display the inode details in the format that the mactime program reads (replaces the ils2mac script from TCT)
-O	List only inodes of removed files that are still open or executing. This option is short-hand notation for -aL "(see the fine controls section below). (this used to be -o).
-p	Display orphan inodes (unallocated with no file name)
-r	(default) List only inodes of removed files. This option is short-hand notation for -LZ (see the fine controls section below).
-i imgtype	Identify the type of image file, such as raw or split. Raw is the default.
-o imgoffset	The sector offset where the file system starts in the image. Non-512 byte sectors can be specified using ’@’ (32@2048).
-v	Turn on verbose mode, output to stderr.
-V	Display Version.
image [images]	One (or more if split) disk or partition images whose format is given with ’-i’.
start-stop	Examine the specified inode number or number range.
Fine controls:
-a	List only allocated inodes: these belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system, and to removed files that are still open or executing.
-A	List only unallocated inodes: these belong to files that no longer exist.
-l	List only inodes with at least one hard link. These belong to files with at least one directory entry in the file system.
-L	List only inodes without any hard links. These belong to files that no longer exist, and to removed files that are still open or executing.
-z	List only inodes with zero status change time. Presumably, these inodes were never used.
-Z	List only inodes with non-zero status change time. Presumably, these belong to files that still exist, or that existed in the past.

Example

Output Format

The output format is in time machine format, as described in tm-format(5). The output begins with a two-line header that describes the data origin, and is followed by a one-line header that lists the names of the data attributes that make up the remainder of the output:

Header	Meaning
st_ino	The inode number.
st_alloc	Allocation status: ‘a’ for allocated inode, ‘f’ for free inode.
st_uid	Owner user ID.
st_gid	Owner group ID.
st_mtime	UNIX time (seconds) of last file modification.
st_atime	UNIX time (seconds) of last file access.
st_ctime	UNIX time (seconds) of last inode status change.
st_dtime	UNIX time (seconds) of file deletion (LINUX only).
st_mode	File type and permissions (octal).
st_nlink	Number of hard links.
st_size	File size in bytes.
st_block0,st_block1	The first two entries in the direct block address list.

History

First appeared in The Coroners Toolkit (TCT) 1.0.

Author

Wietse Venema IBM T.J. Watson Research P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA